He and his 300 men were taken prisoner, but just days later were executed in the Goliad Massacre. Fannin fought courageously at the Battle of Coleto, but was forced to surrender. His men were quickly overtaken and surrounded by Mexican soldiers. After receiving word of the defeat, Fannin finally began his retreat. Centralist forces in the area were stronger than the Texans expected at Refugio and defeated them. However, Fannin delayed his departure and sent a quarter of his troops to help evacuate the settlers at Refugio. Houston ordered Colonel James Fannin to abandon Goliad and join his retreat. News of the Texan defeat and approach of the Mexican army terrified the settlers in an event later known as the Runaway Scrape, settlers, the Texas government, and the remnants of the Texan army under the command of Sam Houston fled east, away from the approaching army. They were told to say that everyone would either surrender or die. The youngest person in the Alamo was 16 years old. A woman, the wife of an Alamo defender, her baby, and a slave of an Alamo defender were released to tell Sam Houston what had happened. On March 6, Santa Anna ordered an assault on the Alamo all but a few of the defenders were killed. News of these first Mexican victories cheered the Mexican force gathered at Bexar. The remaining troops, under General Jose de Urrea, traveled up the coastline, easily defeating Johnson and Grant at the battles of San Patricio and Agua Dulce. At the Rio Grande, the army divided Santa Anna led the bulk of the troops toward Bexar, where he laid siege to the Alamo. In January, he led the 'Army of Operations in Texas' towards the rebellious territory. Even before Cos's defeat, Santa Anna had been making plans to retake Texas. James Grant began preparing to attack Matamoros. In early January, a large number of the remaining soldiers, most of them adventurers recently arrived from the United States, began clamoring to invade Mexico. The remaining troops were garrisoned at the Alamo Mission in Bexar and at Presidio La Bahia in Goliad. Many Texans believed the war was now over, and the majority of the settlers returned to their homes. After several days of fighting, the Siege of Bexar ended with the surrender of the Mexican general. After victories in several skirmishes, including the Battle of Concepción and the Grass Fight, the Texans attacked Bexar. The majority of the Texan troops followed General Sam Houston where they initiated a siege of the Mexican garrison. A small force of Texans traveled down the Texas coastline, defeating Mexican troops at Goliad and at Fort Lipantitlán.

Emboldened by their victory, the Texans formed a volunteer army. This Battle of Gonzales ended with Mexican troops retreating empty-handed to San Antonio de Bexar (now the U.S. When General Santa Anna changed the constitution and began operating as a dictator, Federalists throughout the country revolted in Texas, an armed uprising began on October 2, 1835, when settlers refused to return a small cannon to Mexican troops.

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